Introduction
The Indian Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) has mandated the installation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems on all ships calling at Indian ports by October next year. This move addresses growing concerns over maritime safety and security, with a focus on preventing and investigating onboard incidents. The new directive underscores India's commitment to safeguarding seafarers, improving operational monitoring, and enhancing response capabilities during emergencies.
The directive comes in response to recurring incidents such as personnel disappearances, man-overboard situations, and onboard casualties. In many cases, insufficient information regarding the exact time or location of incidents has hampered search-and-rescue (SAR) efforts, leading to prolonged operations. The DGS has identified CCTV systems as a vital tool for improving the documentation and investigation of such events, while also bolstering overall security measures aboard vessels.
Indian-Flagged Vessels:
All Indian-flagged vessels over 500 gross tonnage (GT) must install CCTV systems either during their next dry-docking or within 24 months from the issuance of the directive.
Newly constructed vessels must have operational CCTV systems before commencing sea trials.
Foreign-Flagged Vessels:
Ships with a GT of 500 or more visiting Indian ports must comply with the mandate within 12 months.
Retrofit and Design:
Existing vessels must conduct risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and optimize camera placement. The design must address specific risks, including blind spots, high-risk areas, and isolated zones.
The mandated CCTV systems must meet stringent technical criteria:
Camera Features:
Minimum resolution of 1080p.
Infrared or low-light capabilities for nighttime operation.
IP66 or higher weatherproof rating.
Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) functionality for critical zones.
Coverage Areas:
Comprehensive monitoring of access points, deck areas, navigation bridges, and engine rooms.
Strategic placement to eliminate blind spots.
Data Management:
24/7 recording with a minimum of 90 days of storage.
Tamper-evident and secure backup systems.
Centralized monitoring stations on the bridge or a dedicated security office.
Remote Accessibility:
Systems must allow encrypted data transmission to shore-based facilities.
Remote access for authorized entities, including the DGS, Coast Guard, and casualty investigators.
To ensure operational efficiency, the directive mandates:
Certified technicians must perform installations.
Crew members must undergo thorough training on system operation and maintenance.
Routine inspections and annual surveys by recognized organizations (ROs) will verify compliance.
India's directive aligns with similar initiatives by global maritime authorities. For example:
United States: Ships operating in U.S. waters are often required to have advanced security systems, including CCTV, under the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA).
European Union: Many EU nations mandate surveillance systems as part of port state control and safety protocols, particularly for high-risk cargo vessels.
Singapore: A key maritime hub, Singapore enforces strict surveillance requirements, including CCTV monitoring for port operations and vessel compliance.
These global precedents highlight the increasing emphasis on technology-driven safety measures in the maritime industry.
While the directive is seen as a step forward, ship operators may face challenges such as:
Cost Implications:
Installation and maintenance of high-spec CCTV systems can be costly, particularly for smaller operators.
Integration with Existing Systems:
Retrofitting older vessels may require significant modifications.
Cybersecurity Risks:
Remote data transmission introduces vulnerabilities that must be addressed with robust encryption and access controls.
The shipping industry has generally welcomed the mandate, viewing it as an essential measure to enhance safety and operational transparency.
